Chinese Martial Arts

Chinese Martial Arts
Sources:
http://www.nardis.com/~twchan/liang.html An Introduction of Chinese Martial Arts

http://martialarts.about.com/od/styles/a/ Let's learn about Chinese Martial Arts.
Chinese martial arts
Chinese Martial arts is important in China including Taichi, Kongfu, Wushu and others. This Article mainly talks about Taichi, Kongfu and Wushu.

Kung fu is primarily a striking style of martial arts that utilizes kicks, blocks, and both open and closed hand strikes to defend against attackers. There are a martial art like Kungfu appears in the Yellow Emperor(2698BC)
 The basic goals of kung fu are to protect against opponents and disable them quickly with strikes. There are over 400 styles of Kungfu and it has a long history. But the major styles are for example the Shaolin, Long fist, Wing Chun and the Choy Li Fist. Shaolin first came to China During the years between 58-76 A.D. An Indian monk have played an important role there. It is a great traditional martial arts and many people are still studying it. The Long Fist Kung Fu was first developed during the 10th century. Like other martial arts, there are hands and feet striking skills in Chang Quan. Chang Quan boxers tend to fight from a distance, to the extreme of their wingspan.
There are also philosophy in Kung Fu. Qi is one of the concepts of Taoism. It is a kind of energy force in people's body. There are breathing activities in Kung Fu, that is use of Qi.

Tai Chi is considered a soft martial arts style with roots deeply entrenched in Chinese history. It means supreme ultimate fist. The goals of tai chi are often tied to health and meditation. It can help people to deal with stress. The origin of Taichi was known as the Taoist monk Zhang Sanfeng (12th century) is legendarily given credit for learning Tao Yin breathing exercises from his Taoist teachers. Eventually, Zhang Sanfeng brought these teachings together to form tai chi, including the original 13 movements.
Taichi is also known as its philosophy. The philosophy of Taichi combines Taoism, Buddism and Confucianism.It is a good way for people to be healthier, especially old peoples. The golden mean of the Confucian school and the peace relationship between human and nature are similar to Confucianism. Like Wuwei,Yingyang in Taoism is used in Taichi. In Taichi, people should not be nervous although he or she is endangered, and that is important in Buddhism.

Wushu is actually a general concept, it means fighting skills, but it is different to Kungfu. Wushu has about nearly 5000 years history. These days, the term wushu is mostly used to describe an exhibition and combat sport. The history is similar to Kungfu. Ever since the Zhou Dynasty, which ended in 771 B.C., practical Wushu training has included basic skills, such as strength training, fencing, As was indicated earlier, the history of the Chinese martial arts are somewhat clouded in mystery. The Eight strength of Wushu is Hands, Eyes, Body Technique, Steps, spirit, Breath, Strength and ability.
But then, many things were destroyed and Wushu became a sport. The all China Wushu Association was set up. Now there are Wushu Competitions like long-weapon, short-weapon and barehanded. Wushu competitions are generally divided into two disciplines- taolu (forms) and sanda (sparring). Taolu or forms are preordained movements designed to defend against imaginary attackers, and Sanda is about  standing or striking combat. The history of Wushu is really different than other Martial arts.

I like Chinese martial arts because its different types. There are some for defending others, for sports and some is for health. And there's also many types in each separate part. I also like the long history of martial arts, they often lasts for thousands of years. It is somewhat useful, whatever if it is a sport or a skill. And there are many Chinese cultures inside it. The philosophy of Kung Fu contains Taoism, Confucianism as so on. It is a key to Chinese culture.

Forbidden City

Chinese Research-Forbidden City

Outline

1.      the introduction of the forbidden city

2.      history

3.      description(decoration)/famous building in forbidden city

4.      conclusion(influence and present)

  The Forbidden City was a Chinese imperial palace from the Ming dynasty to the Qin dynasty. It is composed of red walls and yellow glazed roof located in the heart of China, Beijing and now houses the Palace Museum. It is measured 961m long and 753m wide. It consists 980 buildings and covers 180 acres. And now there are lots of people visiting the forbidden city every day.

  Lots of people says that the Forbidden City was the political and ritual center of China for over 500 years. In 1402, the emperor Zhu Di made Beijing a secondary capital of the Ming empire, and the construction began in 1406. The construction lasted for 15 years and there are 100 thousand to million labors to work on this huge architect. The major halls were paved with the luxury golden bricks and the others made of the wood. But there is a big disaster happened after nine months construction, the three main halls collapsed down. From 1420 to 1644, the Forbidden City was the center of the Ming dynasty. By 1644, the Manchus got the supremacy in the northern China and they made the signs and name plates bilingual. So it became the center of the Qing Dynasty. After being home to twenty-four emperors, the forbidden city to be the political center in 1912 with Pu Yi. In 1925, the Palace Museum was established in the Forbidden City. But soon, the Japanese invasion of china forced that they moved the important artefacts to Nanjing and shanghai. And at the end of the 1945, the artefacts were moved back to Beijing. None of them destroyed or lost. Now it is a huge and grand museum and it remains one of the most important cultural heritage sites.

  The Forbidden City is divided into two parts: the southern part or outer court and the northern part inner court. The walls and gate in the Forbidden City are very beautiful. And there are lots of patterns and decorations in there. The walls were constructed with an earth core and surfaced with the bricks. At the southern part of the Forbidden City, there is a main Meridian Gate. It has a height of 38m and it has a concave design with five towers appearing like a flying phoenix, so it also called Five-Phoenix Tower.  There is a part in the Forbidden City called the gate of Supreme Harmony. It was the symbol of the imperial power and it was the highest structure in the empire during the Ming and Qin dynasties. Inside of it, the floor is paved with special bricks and there is a emperor position located in the center and surrounded by six gold pillars decorated with dragons. At the center of the inner court also have three halls. The most famous is the Palace of Earthly Tranquility. There are nine dragons screen in front of it and they were the official residences of the emperor and the empress. Also in the west of it, there is a hall called Mental Cultivation. It was designed to be a temporary resting hall for the emperors. All in all, the building in the forbidden city were very beautiful and very majestic. It is a masterpiece among the china architects.

  The Forbidden City has been influenced the development of Chinese architecture for two thousand years. Also it provided the inspiration for lots of art works. Now, the forbidden city is also a symbol of Beijing. Every year, lots of foreign tourists go to Beijing to visit the most magnificent architect in China.

Compass

INTRODUCTION

Compass is an instrument used for navigation today. Actually at the beginning of the history of compass, it was not used for navigation. The magnetic compass was first invented as a device for divination, as one of the “Four Great Inventions”, in about 206 BC.

ORIGINAL DESIGN

The Ancient Chinese compass was made by iron oxide which is also know as lodestone or magneta. It is a naturally magnetized ore of iron. Depends on the shape, this material can automatically point to the south. People carved lodestone as the shape of spoon and then placed it in the centre of a flat square plate made by bronze. In that way, the spoon would spin till it stopped in a north-to-south orientation with the handle pointing the south. The bronze plate is called "heaven-plate" or diviner's board. It had the eight trigrams (PaGua) of the I Ching, as well as the 24 directions based on the constellations, and the 28 lunar mansions. The square symbolized earth and the circular disc in the centre symbolized heaven. 

USE OF COMPASS

It’s original use of compass is divination which in Chinese called Feng Shui (literally means wind and water). It was used to determine the best and fittest location for construction and time for burial or marriage. During Northern Song Dynasty (960 - 1126), compass was first time used for navigation. Ancient Chinese then was able to find their way home. It was really a big improvement. People now overcame the weather problems on the sea. They would no longer need to worry about the sky was overcast or foggy days what made them hard to see stars because the compass would always pointed the south. 

IMPACT BEYOND CHINA

In the early 13th century, there was record of magnetic compass appeared in western countries. It had been developed enough to use a pin to fix the needle in a little box and covered by a peace of glass. It was much more convenient that enabled mariners to navigate safely and easily far from land. The spread of the use of compass increased sea trade, and started the Age of Discovery. In Medieval Europe, compass helped to increase the duration of sailing season, from normally 6 months to entire years. Meanwhile, it also increase the traffic between the mediterranean and northern Europe what helped economy. Moreover, there was evidences showing that Indian started to use Chinese original compass fourth century AD and compass also reached eastern Africa by Silk Road.

LATER DEVELOPMENT

Later, more and more types of compass were developed, such as dry compass, bearing compass, sun compass and then thumb compass, gyrocompass, solid state compass, GPS receiver using as a compass. Today you can even “keep” a compass in your mobile phone, isn't it amazing?

Great Wall

Great wall
The Great Wall is a series of fortifications made of stone,brick,tamped earth,wood, and other materials that built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern border of China to protect the Chinese states and empires. Some walls of Great Wall were built as early as the 7th century BCE and some were built later. Moreover, another reason to build Great Wall is to control the borders,allowing the imposition of suites on goods transported along the Silk Road.


Why people built Great Wall?
The main purpose of building the Great Wall was to protect people and territory from invasion. The walls,together with beacon towers,passes,fortification,etc. Created an elaborate defensive system providing Chinese society with a safe and peaceful environment. During the spring and autumn Period,it separates sections to prevent invasion by other states. In the Qin dynasty,the Wall was mainly used to protect the country from nomadic tribes. In the region of Emperor Wu of Western Han,the Wall played a significant role in protecting the main force as well as being a military base in the wars.Every time the country conquered new territory,the Wall would be extended,so that the local military force would be strengthened. With the help of the Great Wall, the Han Dynasty conquered more and more regions in northwestern China. In the Ming Dynasty,General Qi Jiguang reinforced the sections from Shanhaiguan pass to Juyongguan Pass by building many watch towers and then trained army based on local landform to defeat invasions.

Who built the Great Wall?
There are many answers of who built the Great Wall,some people say Emperor Qinshihuang, some say ordinary working people of ancient  China and some say it was slaves who built the wall
. Luckily,experts have given us the most credible answers. Three groups of people built the wall:soldiers,common people and criminals, not the emperors of each dynasty including Qinshihuang himself. During the Qin Dynasty(221-207BC),20% of the country's population was forced to build it. Also,many people died during the Great Wall's constitution because of the heavy works and difficult conditions.

When did people build Great Wall?
Construction started in the spring and autumn period(770-476 BC),and lasted until the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644)

How does Great Wall influence China?
In the mid-17th century, the Manchus from central and southern Manchuria broke through the Great Wall and encroached on Beijing, eventually forcing the fall of the Ming dynasty and beginning of the Qing (Manchu) dynasty (1644-1912). Between the 18th and 20th centuries, the Great Wall emerged as the most common emblem of China for the Western world, and a symbol both physical–a manifestation of Chinese strength–and psychological–a representation of the barrier maintained by the Chinese state to repel foreign influences and exert control over its citizens.
Today, the Great Wall is generally recognized as one of the most impressive architectural feats in history. In 1987, UNESCO designated the Great Wall a World Heritage site, and a popular claim that emerged in the 20th century holds that it is the only manmade structure that is visible from the moon. Over the years, roadways have been cut through the wall in various points, and many sections have deteriorated after centuries of neglect. The best-known section of the Great Wall of China–Badaling, located 43 miles (70 km) northwest of Beijing–was rebuilt in the late 1950s, and attracts thousands of national and foreign tourists every day.

The First Emperor of Qin Dynasty

Qin, from B.C.221 to B.C.207, is one of the most important dynasties in Chinese history. It developed to the first great unification in China from Qin kingdom in later warring states period.

Qin originally was one of the kingdoms that belonged to Zhou dynasty. The first emperor of Qin is called Ying Zheng. He conquered other six kingdoms and unified China. Then he conquered other minority tribes, Xiongnu, and Baiyue. The unprecedented unified  Empire was established and its story began. 

Qin and Confucianism 

In B.C.213,  in the banquet, one Confucian scholar criticized that an official flattered the emperor and also mentioned the system of enfeoffment. Qin’s prime minister, Li Si, disputed with him and blamed the Confucian scholar. He thought Confucian scholars are very dangerous to the country and suggested Qin to burn the book about Confucianism. The second year, some scholars were dissatisfied about Qin, so later about 460 scholars, who were against him were arrested and buried. It was not only about the Confucianism, but all the opinion showed disagreement about his control. We can tell Qin led us to the empire of autocratic monarchy.

From then on, the only approved school of thought was legalism: follow the emperor's laws, or face the consequences.

Qin and the Great Wall

The Great Wall of China is a military defensive project in the ancient China, from Shanghai pass to Jiayu pass. It is 21000 kilometers in total. It began to build in the Zhou dynasty and built fast during the Spring and Autumn; warring states period. In B.C.215, Qin began to build the Great Wall widely to defense the minority in the northern part. There was a story of the Qin Great Wall, about the gap in the Great Wall. Some people say when the Great Wall was building, Lady Meng Jiang came to the Great Wall to find his husband, but she failed. She cried and destroyed the Great Wall. It was said that at the first night when got married. Lady Meng Jiang’s husband was caught to build the Great Wall. We can know how difficult to build the Great Wall. Great Wall is the treasure of the Chinese culture and brightens the Chinese history. When astronauts go to space, the Great Wall and Delta Polder Works In the Netherland are the only structure can be seen.

Terracotta Army

Terracotta Army, which was found in 1973, is in the Mausoleum of the Qin in Xi an. In fact, the Terracotta Warriors are sacrificial objects of the Empire Qin. In the ancient china, when some empires and rich people, their slaves will be the sacrificial object to berry with them together. This is very cruel for those people. After the Qin dynasty, this system was totally abolished. It is said that when the First empire of Qin dynasty unified the China, he began to build his own mausoleum, at that he was only 22 years old. Empire Qin even ordered his official to find thousands of boys and girls to bury with him. His official said if you do so, people will rise up for rebellion. Qin emperor gave up this crazy idea and ask some craftsmen to make hundreds of ceramic people and horse as the sacrificial objects. Qin’s official said to the craftsman, if can make the ceramic people, they will be killed. oUtil that time, nobody made the ceramic person before, so a lot of craftsmen died. When Ying Zheng died, his son, next emperor of Qin, was worried that the craftsmen will tell the secret. He closed them in the mausoleum. 

Ying Zheng is a very controversial history figure in the China. He made a lot of great achievement in his life. However, he also made some mistakes. How do you judge him?

Chinese New Year

Chinese New Year is one of the most important Chinese festivals celebrated at the new start of each year in the Chinese calendar. It is also known as the Spring Festival. Chinese New Year is not the same as the New Year that is on January 1. Although Chinese celebrate New Year on the first day of a year as well, Chinese new year is more important to Chinese people. 

An old myth about Chinese New Year 

There was a really ferocious monster called “Nian” who lived under the ocean. It didn’t come out from the bottom of the ocean except one day. Every year during that day, he would climb up and landed at a village to attack people, eat poultry and destroy buildings. People were very afraid of Nian. Therefore, every year during that day, people moved to another mountain in order to hide from Nian. One year, when people were busy packing their stuff and preparing to go, an old man came to the village. He was begging for food but no one noticed him. Only an old grandma gave him some food and suggested him to leave in order to hide from Nian. Unexpectedly, he said, “if you let me stay here tonight, I will have one method that can make Nian never come back.” The old grandma believed in him. In the mid night, Nian came to the village, it realized that the atmosphere is different. The old grandma’s home was covered by red stuff; the room was full of red candle lights. The red colors made Nian really uncomfortable. When Nian came closer to that house, the fireworks started to crack and the huge sound scared Nian. Nian was frightened and escaped from the village quickly. After that day, villagers came back and found nothing had been damaged. The old man went out from the house and tell them that Nian was afraid of red color and the crackling sound or firecrackers, that’s the only way to stop Nian from coming to the village. Since then, decorated the houses with red color, wear red clothes and set off fireworks became traditions. People began to celebrate that day and that day gradually become one of the most important festivals of China --- The Chinese New Year.

How do people celebrate Chinese New Year

Chinese people always eat family reunion dinner and watch a celebration show together. For the reunion dinner, it always contains dumpling. There is an old tradition that the olds of the families always put a peanut in one of the dumpling and the person who get that will be blessed in the coming year. People wear red clothes during the days around the Chinese New year because the red color means lucky in China. Actually, people not only wear red clothes, everything is red in that period of time. People hang red lantern, stick red paper cut and Chinese calligraphy on the windows and doors. Young children are especially happy because they will get pocket money and good wishes from the elders. Last but not least, people let off fireworks with their families and friends in order let the bad things in the past year go away and greet the new year. 

Acupuncture

Acupuncture

Acupuncture is an alternative medicine that treats patients by the practice of inserting thin needles into specific body points to improve health and well-being.  Its proponents variously claim that it relieves pain, treats infertility, treats disease, prevents disease, or promotes general health. The earliest written record of acupuncture is found in the Huangdi Neijing, dated approximately more than 2,000 years ago. It plays an essential role in Chinese history.

In ancient times, people was accidentally crashed by some sharp or hard objects to a part of the body, such as stones, thorns, and it will reduce the of pain. The ancients began to consciously use some sharp stones to stab some parts of the body or artificially punctured so that the bleeding body to relieve pain. At that time, people have mastered the digging and grinding skills, and they could also produce some of the stone that were more sophisticated and suitable for piercing the body to treat. This kind of stones was the oldest medical tools, which is called stone needle.

The most popular treatment for acupuncture is moxibustion, which uses cones or sticks of plants to burn the points of the body, or let the point expose to smoke. This kind of plants can be willow, mulberry or moxa, but people use moxa usually. The character of acupuncture is that it is not rely on medication, but using a needle into the certain parts of the body to stab trough nerve and cause reactions, to achieve the purpose of medical treatment. When it is in clinical practice, mainly on the basis of traditional Chinese medicine treatment methods to diagnose the reason，identify the key of the disease and the nature of the disease. Then make an appropriate prescription for treatment and achieve the purpose of disease control by smoothing the meridians and collaterals, Promoting the circulation of qi and blood, and regulating the yin and yang in the internal organs. Human body consists of cells. Whether a human lives healthily, the most fundamental is normal cell metabolism. A human is sick because the physiological function of cells change, and acupuncture can work because it excites the points of the body to change the the qi of the nerve in order to restore normal physiological function. 

Acupuncture has many other benefits. For example, you can correct the abnormal appetite by regulating the nervous system, can inhibit gastric acid hyper secretion, achieve the purpose by not be fatigue and hunger any more. After acupuncture, slowing gastric emptying, the stomach is not empty, so there will be the feeling of satiety. Second, currently there are many ways to lose weight, but acupuncture has a unique affection, and it is safe and convenient. In addition, losing weight by acupuncture will not rebound. Today, acupuncture has been paid attention by many scholars; it is the most effective method for people to lose weight healthily.

Since acupuncture has unique advantages and broad indications, and because it is not only has a rapid and remarkable effect, a simple operation method, but also economic and health care costs, and very few side effects，in the Tang Dynasty, Chinese acupuncture had been spread to Japan, Korea, India, Arabia and other countries and regions, and it has been created to some acupuncture with exotic features. In conclusion, acupuncture has spread to more than 140 countries and regions in the world so far, and it plays an essential role on protecting the life and health of people all over the world.

When not delivered properly, acupuncture can cause serious adverse effects, including infections and punctured organs. Broken needle refers to the broken needle in the human body. In order to prevent the broken needle, it should be carefully checked before start. Check the quality of the needles; do not be too fast, too strong when using a needle; ask the patient not to arbitrarily change position like talking to people or answering a phone call; do not prick the whole needle into the body, remain a part of the needle in order to take the needle out; if the needle is completely thorough deep subcutaneous or intramuscular, the patient should be sent to emergency treatment quickly.

In conclusion, acupuncture typically incorporates traditional Chinese medicine as an integral part of its practice and theory, and it is now influencing more and more people all over the world.

The Xinhai Revolution 

The Xinhai revolution’s process

Before we learn the Xinhai revolution we should first know what happened at that time period, what was the problems happened to China that cause that revolution. We should know a dynasty that called Qing dynasty in Chinese history and also it was last dynasty in Chinese history.

Qing was formed on the decline of Ming.  At the beginning, the Qing court carried out a series of policies to revive the social economy and alleviate the class contradiction. In politics, following Ming's ruling pattern, the imperial rulers continued to strengthen the centralized system. Meanwhile, the court resumed the 'Sheng' administrative system that established by Yuan(1271 - 1368).

By the middle of the 18th century, the feudal economy of the Qing Dynasty reached a zenith, spanning the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Emperor Yongzheng and Emperor Qianlong. So that period was usually called 'the golden age of three emperors'. In that period, both culture and science were much more prosperous than any other periods. The notable book, The Imperial Collection of Four, was edited in that period. Also, a group of scholars and artists such as Cao Xueqin (writer of A Dream of Red Mansions), Wu Jingzi (writer of The Scholars) and Kong Shangren (writer of The Peach Blossom Fan) gradually appeared. In the field of science, the achievements in architecture were outstanding.

After the middle period, in the Nineteenth Century, the Qing Empire faced a number of challenges to its rule, including a number of foreign incursions into Chinese territory. The two Opium Wars against Western powers led by Great Britain resulted in the loss of Hong Kong, forced opening of “treaty ports” for international trade, and large foreign “concessions” in major cities privileged with extraterritorial rule. After its loss in the Sino-Japanese War (1894–95), Imperial China was forced to relinquish control over still more of its territory, losing Taiwan and parts of Manchuria and ending its suzerainty over Korea. The Russo-Japanese War (1904–05) firmly established Japanese claims to the Northeast and further weakened Qing rule. The combination of increasing imperialist demands (from both Japan and the West), frustration with the foreign Manchu Government embodied by the Qing court, and the desire to see a unified China less parochial in outlook fed a growing nationalism that spurred on revolutionary ideas.

As Qing rule fell into decline, realizing at that time China was robbed and destroyed by others, it was almost ready to decline, and what the people used to do to save the country was useless, a group of foresight Chinese wanted to find a way to save both people and their country. Sun Yat-sen was one of them, he led the amalgam of groups that together formed the Revolutionary Alliance or Tongmenghui. That was the start to form the Xinhai Revolution’s idea.

The problem was Qing Dynasty still wanted to control China so that they tried many ways to interrupt the people who against the Qing dynasty, that is because of they still wanted to control China and have the authority in China. However, finally, in the autumn of 1911, the right set of conditions turned an uprising in Wuchang into a nationalist revolt, and after that the Xinhai revolution really started with the idea of Sun Yat-sen, the Three Principles of the People which is means Principles of Nationalism, Principles of Democracy, Principles of People's Livelihood. After the success of the Wuchang Uprising, many other protests occurred throughout the country for various reasons. Some of the uprisings restored imperial rul. Other uprisings were a step toward independence, and some were protests or rebellions against the local authorities. Regardless the reason for the uprising the outcome was that all provinces in the country renounced the Qing dynasty and joined the ROC.As its losses mounted, the Qing court responded positively to a set of demands intended to transform authoritarian imperial rule into a Constitutional monarchy. Dr. Sun was in the United States on a fundraising tour at the time of the initial revolt; he hastened first to London and Paris to ensure that neither country would give financial or military support to the Qing government in its struggle. By the time he returned to China, the revolutionaries had taken Nanjing, a former capital under the Ming Dynasty, and representatives from the provinces began to arrive for the first national assembly. Together, they elected Dr. Sun the provisional president of the newly declared Republic of China. 

For all its optimism the new government, based in Nanjing, still had to find a way to rid China of the ailing Qing dynasty. Without a military force, it had no means to achieve this. One man who did was Yuan Shikai, who quickly became the figure on whom China’s future hinged. The Qing had attempted to secure Shikai’s loyalty on November 1st by appointing him prime minister. Shikai, however, was more motivated by what he could acquire for himself than what he could do for his country. By December the new Qing prime minister was negotiating with republican agents about the creation of a new government – with Shikai himself as president. China now had a choice of two republican presidents: one a well credentialed nationalist who had dedicated his life to political modernisation, the other a self serving military officer whose only credentials were his control of the army. The struggle between Sun Yixian (Yat-sen) and Yuan Shikai would shape the first years of the new Chinese republic. Above all we have seen, in another hand after that time period it was also means the end of Qing dynasty and the thousands years feudal autocratic monarchy.

In July 1913, Sun Yat-Sen launched a second revolution, armed force against Yuan Shih-kai, but was defeated by Yuan. On October 6, 1913, Yuan Shikai was elected  the President of the Republic of China after the parliamentary elections. After Yuan’s inauguration, he insisted on a strong central Government, broke some of the revolutionaries attempt to gain independence for the province. At the same time, Yuan negotiations with other countries, saved Mongolia and Tibet's sovereignty. But in 1915,Yuan scrap Republic proclaimed himself the emperor, but didn’t agreed by others, then caused the national protection war, so that he immediately announced the abolition of the monarchy. China after that was became the warlord era. Yuan shikai died in June 6, 1916 Yuan Shikai, Li Yuanhong became the President. Sun Yat-Sen in Guangzhou was custodian of the organized government (the "third revolution"), at last North and South of China divided and conquered. This is also became the end of the Xinhai revolution.

Although, Xinhai revolution finally failed because of Yuan Shikai’s defection，Xinhai revolution also had a lot of positive affection to China. First, the most important thing is that it ended the thousands years feudal autocratic monarchy, and made the idea of republic deeply rooted in Chinese people’s mind. Second，it free people from the feudalism. Thirdly, It avoided the imperialisms having the chance to control the whole China and increased the economy of China. At last, it became the pioneer of the National Revolution of China.

The Xinhai revolution became the first step of the reviver of China. It was one of the most important revolution in Chinese history, and lead China to a better future.